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Pretoria was the capital of the old independent Transvaal Boere Republic (founded by Afrikaners of Dutch descent who wanted independence from Britain). After the South African War, the Transvaal became part of South Africa under British colonial rule. In the new South Africa, Pretoria lies in Gauteng province, and is home to a number of educational institutions such as universities, technical colleges and esteemed schools, as well as embassies and government bodies.
One of the most attractive examples of a historical building is Melrose House at 275 Jacob Maré Street. It dates back to the 1880s and was the home of a wealthy businessman. Designed by British architect William Vale, it borrows from a mix of styles, echoing an English country house, an Indian pavilion and the local Cape Dutch architecture. The gardens are beautifully tended and much of the original furnishings remain.
A pleasant stroll around Church Square in the heart of town takes visitors past the parliament buildings (or “die Raadsaal”, as they were called in Afrikaans in 1890) of the former Boer Republic. Visitors will also see the Palace of Justice, which was used as a military hospital until 1902 by the British, when the hostilities ceased.
Last but not least come the Union Buildings, designed by Sir Herbert Baker. The structure was built in 1910 to house the administrative offices of the Union of South Africa. It is not open to the public for security reasons, but merits a drive-by or an al fresco lunch (bring your own) on its lush lawns.
Art lovers who appreciate African and Southern African art should visit the Pretoria Art Museum in Arcadia. Set in beautiful grounds, it is often the chosen venue for launches and exhibitions celebrating ethnic diversity. The National Cultural History Museum is rich in expressions of rock art, Ndebele murals and various historic gold and silver artifacts.
Pretoria played its part in South Africa’s freedom struggle and to honour those who supported the movement, the building of a park known as Freedom Park is underway and will be ready by 2010. Struggle tourism is an essential part of recognising South Africa’s history and Freedom Park will be a significant symbol of remembrance.
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